Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Granulicatella adiacens Isolated from Periodontal Pocket

Abstract

Harun Achmad, Andi Mardiana Adam, Surijana Mappangara, Sri Oktawati, Rizalinda Sjahril, Marhamah F. Singgih, Ingrid Neormansyah, Heri Siswanto

Background: Periodontal diseases often occur in developing and developed countries, affecting 20 – 50% of the world population. Periodontitis may also complicate systemic health and have a risk to cause endocarditis infection. Granulicatella adiacens, part ofnutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), was proven to cause many diseases, especially endocarditis infection. GA was a part of commensal bacteria but also found to be causing periodontitis by co-aggregating with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The frequent used of antibiotics nowadays has led to increased resistance, and this concern led us to examine susceptibilities among several antibiotics. This study was conducted to prove which antibiotic can eliminate Granulicatella adiacens for its potential risk.
Methods and Material: Bacteriasamples were isolated from 28 patients with periodontitis. The samples were delivered to the microbiology laboratory to be cultured and purified. After purification, the samples were identified using GP VITEK 2 Compact and tested using the antibiotic disc to find out the susceptibility rates.
Results: From 28 samples, 20 samples were identified containing Granulicatella adiacens. Those samples were tested on seven types of antibiotic which is ofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, vancomycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and clindamycin. Sensitive isolates were found on 90% of ofloxacin and levofloxacin group, 85% of azithromycin group, 50% of vancomycin group, and less than 50% for three other groups. High resistance percentages were found on cefriaxone (55%), vancomycin (45%), clindamycin (40%), tetracycline (30%), and less than 15% for three other groups.
Conclusion: Ofloxacin and levofloxacin were found to be the most sensitive antibiotic tested, while ceftriaxone was the worst antibiotic in eliminating Granulicatella adiacens.