Evaluation of Agaricus sp. and Pleurotus sp. Extracts Efficiency in Aspergillus Flavus Growth Inhibition and Aflatoxin B1 Reduction

Abstract

Alia Haikal Hussain, Halima Zugher Hussein

The study was conducted to evaluate the activity of Agaricus and Pleurotus fungi extracts, normal and nanoform, on Aspergillus flavus growth inhibition, and AFB1 reduction. Results showed that the addition of Agaricus extracts into PDA at 250, 500, 1000 ppm caused inhibition in A. flavus growth at 72.94, 66.66, 0.00 % respectively for normal extract, 82.35, 78.03, and 40.78 % respectively for nanoform extract. The addition of Pleurotus extracts at the same above concentrations into PDA caused a reduction in A. flavus growth at 47.05, 26.27, and 0.00%, respectively for normal extract, 72.94, 69.41, and 45.88%, respectively for the nanoform extract. The inhibition effect was found temporal, disappeared when A. flavus was reinoculated on PDA without extracts. The treatment of A. flavus contaminated corn seeds with Agaricus and Pleurotus extracts at 250 ppm, the more effective concentration, and stored for 30 days caused A. flavus growth inhibition and aflatoxin reduction at 57.59 and 62.28% for Agaricus extract, normal and nanoform, respectively, 37.46 and 38.30% for Pleurotus normal and nanoform extracts, respectively. The treatment of AFB1 contaminated corn seeds with the more active concentration of Agaricus and Pleurotus extracts (250 ppm) and stored for 30 days caused a reduction in AFB1at 72.04 and 66.34% for Agaricus normal and nanoform extracts respectively, 42.70 and 46.32% for Pleurotus, normal and nanoform, extracts respectively. The results indicated that nanoparticles of natural compounds may be promising to restrict fungi producing toxins and prevent toxins production.