Immunomodulatory Impact of Herbs and Probiotics in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model

Abstract

HODA A. ALI, SAHAR H. MOHAMED, REHAM M. ALGHESHAIRY, HEND F. ALHARBI.

Diabetes mellitus exerts many complications, irregular immune responses is more serious one which potentially increases infections. This work aimed to assess, the immunomodulatory effect of cardamom, ginger, and cinnamon without/with probiotics in type2 diabetic rat model (T2DRM). Seventy-two adult male, Wistar rats were assigned to nine groups. Eight rats were kept as healthy control. Sixty-four rats were used to induce T2DRM. One group was offered to 0.2 ml multi-strain probiotics orally. The rest of T2DRM were offered to 100 mg/kg aqueous extract of cardamom, ginger, or cinnamon without/with 0.2 ml multi-strain probiotics orally. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin, and C-peptide were determined. Total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophil (N%), lymphocyte (L%) were calculated. Spleen cellular viability%, phagocytic index (vitro, vivo) and glucose consumed with lymphocytes were estimated. Pancreatic tissue glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assayed. INF-�, IL-5, and IL-17 cytokines were determined. Groups fed cardamom or ginger with probiotic showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in OGTT, serum insulin, spleen cellular viability%, phagocytic index (vitro, vivo) and glucose consumed with lymphocytes compared to T2DRM. Besides, they recorded significant amelioration in INF-� IL-5 and IL-17. Ginger without/with probiotic recorded significant increase (P<0.05) in TLC, L%, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT. Cardamom without/with probiotic exerted significant increase (P<0.05) in GSH-Px and CAT. The probiotic group showed significant increase (P<0.05) in GSH-Px. However, cinnamon had a moderate immunomodulatory effect. This study indicated that administration of ginger or cardamom with probiotics success to achieve immunomodulation of T2DRM through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.