Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen Fruit Peel: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

Abstract

Karle Pravin P, Dhawale Shashikant C

Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen fruit is a popular fruit crop commonly cultivated in most of the tropical reasons and used for its nutritional values over the world. Two varieties of the fruit are available, round and elongated. Present review revealed the scientific information on the phytochemicals and pharmacological evaluations of Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen fruit peel (MZFP), a juice byproduct often considered as a waste or garbage. MZFP constitutes about 20 % of the fruit. The literature survey postulate that main phenolic compounds are primarily concentrated in the peel portion of this fruit which includes, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, gallic and ellagic), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (quercetin), hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic, chlorogenic and transcinnamic), kaempferol, 5-caffeoyl quinic acid conjugates and lycopene a carotenoid. It is generally accepted that bioactive components can be more efficiently recovered from MZFP by optimizing the extraction condition or efficiency. A widespread assessment of phytochemicals is included while possible mechanisms and phytochemicals involved have been correlated. The curative relevance of these compounds has been mainly evaluated by in vitro experimentation. Therefore, convincing clinical trials of the bioactive principles present in MZFP are essential for correct validation of their health benefits.