Salivary Levels Of Interleukin-1beta, Tumour Necrosis Factor-, And C-Reactive Proteins In Smokers Patients With Severe Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Bayan Jabr Hussein, Issa Hasan Issa, Ansam Mahdi Khaleel, Najlaa Abdulameer Ali AL-Dahhan.

Background. Chronic periodontitis(CP) is disease that causes loss of the supporting structures of teeth, cementum, alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. Cytokines are important mediators of immune responses. Interleukins play a major role in gum disease and can be used as diagnostic markers. Objectives. To determine salivary IL-1β and TNF-� levels in smokers patients with severe CP. And to assess the association between development of PD and the salivary expression of IL-1β and TNF-�.Materials and Methods. Salivary levels of IL-1β and TNF-� evaluated using an ELISA assay. Results. In non-smokers, significant differences were observed between CP patients and HC(P=0.062).While in smokers, A significant differences were observed between CP patients and HC (p=0.004).There were significant difference in CRP between the two groups(p=0.027). A Statistically significant difference was observed in gingival health between the two groups, as assessed by CPITN(p=0.006).A statistically significant increase in salivary levels of Interleukin-1β and TNF-� was observed in patients with the severe CP than with controls(p<0.001).In patients with severe CP,the correlation between CRP with IL-1β and TNF-� were positive with statistically significant (p=0.027, p=0.008),respectively.Similarly a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between smoking with IL -1β and TNF-�(p=0.012,p=0.001),respectively. Apositive association observed between pro-inflammatory cytokines identified in this study.Conclusion.Salivary IL-1β and TNF-� levels were significantly elevated in severe CP patients compared to healthy controls. These levels increased with the development of the CP and inflammation in smokers patients compared to non-smokers. The association of these interleukins is more common in CP patients who smoke compared to non-smokers.