The Biomarkers Associated With Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Suaad Abaas Lafta, Awatif Hameed Issa, Mazin Abed Hazza, Alaa Hussein Abed

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is caused by a blockage of a coronary artery due to the accumulation of fat within its inner surface (atherosclerosis). Early diagnosis of MI has an important role in assisting clinicians in prompt planning for its treatment and thus reducing the number of its deaths. There are many biomarkers that used in the diagnosis of MI, especially in the first hours of chest pain attack. Cardiac enzymes, as cTnI, H-FABP, MYO, and CK-MB are released after heart muscle injury due to insufficient blood supply. In the past, it was based solely on the theory of lipids role in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Currently, inflammation has been stated to play an essential role in developing atherosclerosis. Monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and smooth muscle cells accumulates release many cytokines or inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore, many studies have emerged seeking to investigate the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the progression of the atherosclerosis process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers to myocardial infarction and the correlation between inflammatory markers (CRP, Hs-CRP, IL-6 and PCT) and cardiac markers in MI patients.
Patients and Method: The present study included 20 MI patients and 20 healthy individuals (controls). In all the cases and controls, levels of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers were measured by special kits from Hotgen company via phosphorous technology using UPT-3A converting phosphor immunological analyzer.
Results: The levels of both cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in MI cases as compared to controls. Also, there was significant positive correlation between cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in MI cases.
Conclusions: The positive correlation between cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in MI indicates that inflammation occurs in myocardial infarction. Hence it is concluded that inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, Hs-CRP, IL-6 and PCT) can be markers of MI and can be used for diagnostic purposes in patients.