The Effect of Immersion of 12,5% Basil Leaves and 25% Mauli Banana Stem Mixture Extracts on Surface Hardness, Surface Roughness and Discoloration of Acrylic Resin

Abstract

Priyawan Rachmadi, I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus, Bayu Indra Sukmana, Didit Aspriyanto, Dewi Puspitasari, Rosihan adhani, Harry Darmawan, Huldani, Marhamah F. Singgih, Sri Ramadhany, Naomi Bernadeth Sinarruli.

Abstract
Background: The most used denture base is heat-cured acrylic resin. It can causes denture stomatitis. The action taken to prevent denture stomatitis is by cleaning the denture. Chemical denture cleansers can reduce surface hardness, increase the degree of surface roughness and may cause discoloration of acrylic resin surfaces. Alternative natural denture cleanser is used to minimize this effects. The natural denture cleanser is using 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts which are known to have antifungal effectiveness against Candida albicans. The combination of these two extracts is expected to have better effectiveness against Candida albicans without changing the nature of the acrylic resin base in surface roughness, hardness and color.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the comparison in surface hardness, surface roughness, and discoloration of a heat-cured acrylic resin which immersed in 12.5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts with alkaline peroxide and distilled water.
Methods: This study was a true experimental study with pre and posttest with control group design. Study on surface hardness used 24 cylindrical type heat-cured acrylic resin samples with a diameter of 30 mm and 5 mm thickness. Study on surface roughness used 24 acrylic resin rectangular 65 x 10 x 3.3 mm. Study on discoloration used 24 acrylic resin sized 15mm in diameter x 2mm thick; n=8/group. The study used 3 treatment groups: 12.5% Basil leaves and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water. Hardness testing was measured using Vickers Hardness Testing and surface roughness measurement was performed using surface roughness tester. The value of discoloration was measured before and after the immersion for five days with the CIELab system using digital analysis tools.
Result: The mean of the decrease in surface hardness value of heat-cured acrylic resin which was immersed in extract solution, alkaline peroxide, distilled water are 1.40, 1.38, and 0.60 respectively. The mean results of surface roughness increase in 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water group were 0.0613 µm, 0.0663 µm, and 0.0425 µm respectively. Statistical tests on discoloration showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the immersion groups in the 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts (3.77 ± 0.44), alkaline peroxide (2.78 ± 0.32) and distilled water (2.09 ± 0.23). Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post Hoc test.
Conclusion: The decrease in surface hardness value of heat-cured type acrylic resin immersed in 12.5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts is higher than those immersed in alkaline peroxide and distilled water. The 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts have the effect of the discoloration heat-cured acrylic resin.