The Effect of Microbiology Fertilization on the Nitrogen Fixation of Wheat Plant

Abstract

Fawz A. Al.Saffar, Alaa Hussein Ali Al_Shalal

Background : Many of the microbes used as biological fertilizers to supply the plant with various nutrients excrete, during its growth and reproduction, substances called plant growth regulators or plant growth promoters such as gibberellins and similar materials that are excreted by some microbes in the rhizosphere such as Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, Mucor and some algae and exogenous mycorrhizae and there Other substances excreted by microbes called auxins, such as indole acetic acid (IAA), are excreted by the external mycorrhiza (also excreted by cytokinin). Some types of cytokinin rhizobia are excreted, meaning that these microbes, when used as biological fertilizers, play two important roles, one of which is the supply of nutrients to plants. The other is the secretion of plant growth regulators.
Methodology: The treatments under study were divided into three: the first was the bacterial suspension mixed with the seeds of the wheat plant, the second was added to the watering water, where it was watered for only one time, and the last was without addition, where the seeds were planted and watered with water that does not contain microorganisms. It was called the treatment of mixing microorganisms with seeds F1 and the treatment of adding microorganisms with irrigation water F2 and the last was control. As for the microorganisms under study, two types were chosen Pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter spp.
Result: effect of fertilizing with Pseudomonas bacteria on the proportion of nitrogen in the wheat plant, where the percentage of nitrogen in the treatment F1 was the treatment in which the bacterial suspension was added to the seeds that were planted. The percentage of nitrogen in the seeds after harvesting was 4.4% and in the vegetative part 3.6% compared with Control, where the proportion of nitrogen in the seeds reached 1.2% and in the vegetative part 2.5%. This indicates that the F1 treatment was better compared to the rest of the treatments.