The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs
Abstract
Hoida Mohammed Khalaf Al-Sudani, Amera Mohammed Saleh Al-Rubeii.
This study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to find out the effect of adding Nano-bentonite on the rations of lambs on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of their carcasses. Five groups were placed in single cages and fed on five different rations made of concentrated and rough feeds, which is hay alfalfa. The first treatment (T1) represents lambs feeding without addition, while in the second treatment (T2), the lambs were fed with an addition of 2% natural bentonite/kg concentrated feed. Furthermore, the lambs were fed with adding 4% natural bentonite/kg concentrated feed in the third treatment (T3), the fourth treatment (T4) represents lambs feeding with adding 2 g Nano-bentonite / head per day, and in the fifth treatment (T5), the lambs were fed by adding 4 g Nano-bentonite / head per day. Lambs were subjected to a similar diet throughout the entire period of the experiment at 120 days, where the animal was fed on a concentrated and rough diet by 3 % of live body weight. Moreover, live body weight was recorded weekly to measure the average daily weight gain and total gain, which leads to final body weight at the end of the experiment. All lambs were slaughtered, and carcasses were chilled at 2 ℃ for 24 hours, after that, several measurements were taken in including Carcass characteristics, physical composition, muscle distribution, and bones as well as fat deposition patterns in carcass and animal body, and some chemical characteristics. The study results showed that the T5 treatment was superior (p <0.01) to other treatments in the average daily weight gain for each treatment (177gm/day) and average total gain (16kg). Also, the same treatment was significantly superior (P <0.01) with the final weight (pre-slaughter weight), and it recorded 30.33 kg. Generally, an arithmetic superiority in the efficiency of food conversion, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, and the dressing percentage based on pre-slaughter weight between treatments. T5 treatment was superior (p <0.01) significantly in the percentage based on the empty body and reached 52.93% compared to the control treatment 47.10%. On the other hand, T2 treatment was recorded the lowest fat-tail percentage of cold carcass weight. Further, T1 treatment was recorded at 5.74%, and the largest area of rib eye muscle was 12.50 cm² in treatment T5 while treatment T1 had the lowest area muscle, which was 9 cm². The treatments T4, T3, and T1 showed a significant superiority (P <0.01) in the fat thickness, and it was 3.50, 3.63, and 3.43 mm for the three treatments, respectively, while the lowest fat thickness in treatment T5 which reached 1.7 mm. All treatments exceeded in the characteristic of the carcass length compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 52.33, 61.66, 61.00, 61.33, 57.66 cm for treatments T5, T4, T3, T2, and T1, respectively. Treatment T5 showed a significant increase (P <0.01) in the percentage of meat for the excellent main cuts of the leg and shoulder, and an increase in the percentage of fat for the loin cuts and ribs. Treatment T3 showed an increase (P <0.01) in the percentage of meat for the two cuts of loin and ribs and a decrease in the percentage of fat in the leg and loin the percentages of bone varied between the treatments. Finally, the highest percentage of meat in the secondary cuts was in treatment T3 for the fore shank, breast, and flank Besides, the lowest percentage of fat was recorded in the neck, breast, and flank, and the lowest percentage of meat was in treatment T1 in each of the neck cuts, the fore shank, the breast and the flank, and the highest percentage of fat in the neck and fore shank cuts.
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Pubmed Style Al-Sudani HMK, Al-Rubeii AMS. The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. SRP. 2021; 12(1): 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 Web Style Al-Sudani HMK, Al-Rubeii AMS. The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=47385 [Access: March 31, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Al-Sudani HMK, Al-Rubeii AMS. The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. SRP. 2021; 12(1): 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Al-Sudani HMK, Al-Rubeii AMS. The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. SRP. (2021), [cited March 31, 2021]; 12(1): 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 Harvard Style Al-Sudani, H. M. K. & Al-Rubeii, . A. M. S. (2021) The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. SRP, 12 (1), 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 Turabian Style Al-Sudani, Hoida Mohammed Khalaf, and Amera Mohammed Saleh Al-Rubeii. 2021. The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (1), 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 Chicago Style Al-Sudani, Hoida Mohammed Khalaf, and Amera Mohammed Saleh Al-Rubeii. "The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12 (2021), 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Al-Sudani, Hoida Mohammed Khalaf, and Amera Mohammed Saleh Al-Rubeii. "The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12.1 (2021), 1103-1113. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Al-Sudani, H. M. K. & Al-Rubeii, . A. M. S. (2021) The Effect of Nano Bentonite Supplementation in Some Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (1), 1103-1113. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.153 |