Virulence Factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Sumaya Ayad Abdulrazzaq, Sarah ibrahim hashoosh, Raed Obaid Saleh

The aim objective of this research is a review study of the virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Iraqi patients, where the world is currently facing a major problem orwe say a war between bacteria and antibiotics. The most important of these bacteria is K. pneumoniae and it is one of the opportunistic bacteria and is considered one of the causes of nosocomial infection, contamination of wounds , Urinary tract infection and contamnation of operating theaters. Where these bacteria are distinguished by their resistance to β-lactam antibiotics to produce β-lactamase as well as having a lipopolysaccharide and an important virulence factor is the capsule that resists phagocytosis. An important factor for these bacteria is their formation of biofilm, which is primarily responsible for chronic infections because of their resistance to phagocytosis and killing due to humoral and cellular immunity. The excessive use of antibiotics, which led to the resistance of bacteria to these antibiotics and is the main cause of the current problems of the world, as microorganisms have the ability to develop mechanisms that enable them to overcome these antibiotics more quickly and difficult to find alternatives to these antibiotics. Most of the changes that make bacteria resistant to many antibiotics are acquired changes that are caused by genetic changes or acquisition of resistant genes that make them resistant to many antibiotics.