The Anti-Integrity Activity of Eugenol on Inflammatory Markers of Chronic Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Venkadeswaran Karuppasamy38245*, Subramanian Kandhasamy38246, Rajeswari Ramasamy38247, Suresh Kumar Sekar38248, Venkatesh Srinivasan38249, Varalakshmi Varatharajan38250, Suganya Ramar38251, Subashini R38252 and Shalini Kannan38253

The putative anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory potential of atherogenic diet-fed, eugenol-treated Wistar rats were studied. The levels of hematological parameters (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), White Blood Cell (WBC), and platelet count), the mean levels of nitric oxide (NO), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were investigated in serum samples. The mean ESR, platelet, and total WBC counts were all significantly higher in atherogenic diet-fed (Group II) rat when compared with normal (Group I), whereas the mean ESR, platelet, and total WBC counts were significantly lower in atherogenic diet-fed followed by eugenol treatment (Group III). The mean hepatic tissue mRNA transcript level of the gene responsible for CRP, induced Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of their protein levels were determined in liver tissue samples were found to be significantly higher in the atherogenic diet-fed followed saline treatment (Group II) rats than the normal fed (Group I) rats. However, in hepatic tissue samples from an atherogenic diet-fed followed by eugenol treated rats, the mean mRNA the transcript level of the gene encoding CRP, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and their mean concentration of the protein translation were significantly lower than the values in Group II rat’s hepatic tissue, approaching near-normal levels. These results are exhibited anti-atherogenic potential in hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats due to their hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.